Ha likoloi tsa motlakase (EVs) li ntse li tsoela pele ho hohela lefats'e ka bophara, ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho li lefisa ho ba bohlokoa joalo ka ho li khanna. Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea puzzle? The sehokedi se tjhajang. Hore na o reka EV ea hau ea pele kapa o kenya seteishene sa ho tjhaja, ho bohlokoa ho tseba mefuta e fapaneng ea sehokelo sa EV.
Tataiso ena e hlalosa mefuta e meholo ea likhokahanyo tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV tse sebelisoang lefatšeng ka bophara, hore na li fapana joang, li sebelisoa hokae, le hore na bokamoso bo tšoere eng.
1. Selelekela ho EV Charge Infrastructure
Katleho ea li-EVs ha se feela likoloi ka botsona - e mabapi le tikoloho e li potileng. Lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa,' me ka pelong ea tsamaiso ena ke lihokelo tse fanang ka matla.
-
Hobaneng lihokelo li le bohlokoa: Ha se li-EV tsohle le liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tse sebelisang li-plug tse tšoanang.
-
Liphapang tsa libaka: Europe, Amerika Leboea, Asia le Chaena kaofela li na le litekanyetso tse fapaneng.
-
Ho lumellana: Sehokelo se fosahetseng se ka etsa hore seteishene sa ho tjhaja se hloke thuso bakeng sa koloi ya hao.
2. AC vs. DC Chaging: Phapano ke Efe?
Likoloi tsa motlakase li ka tjhaja li sebelisaAC (Alternating Current) or DC (Hajoale ka ho toba)motlakase. Mona ke kamoo li fapaneng kateng:
| Sebopeho | Ho tjhaja AC | DC Fast Charging |
|---|---|---|
| Mohloli oa Matla | Motlakase o tloaelehileng o tsoang ho marang-rang | Fetolela AC ho DC matla |
| Phetoho Sebaka | Ka hare ho koloi (chaja e ka har'a sekepe) | Ka hare ho seteishene sa ho tjhaja |
| Lebelo la ho tjhaja | Butle (ho fihla ho 22 kW) | Ka potlako (ho fihla ho 350 kW le ho feta) |
| Sebelisa Taba | Ho tjhaja lapeng, ho tjhaja bosiu bo le bong | Maemelo a litsela tse kholo, liteishene tsa khoebo |
3. SAE J1772 (Mofuta oa 1) - Boemo ba Amerika Leboea
TheSAE J1772, e tsejoang hape e leMofuta oa 1, ke polaka e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa Amerika Leboea bakeng saLevel 1 le Level 2 AC tjhaja.
Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa:
-
5-pin moralo
-
E fana ka matla a ho fihla ho 19.2 kW ho 240V
-
Ha ho senotlolo sa othomathiki
-
E lumellana le hoo e batlang e le li-EV tsohle tsa US le Japane (ntle le Tesla, e hlokang adaptara)
4. Mennekes (Mofuta oa 2) - Europe's Go-To Plug
Mofuta oa 2, kapa eaSehokelo sa Mennekes, ke polaka e tloaelehileng ho pholletsa le Europe bakeng saAC ho tjhaja.
Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa:
-
7-pin tlhophiso
-
E tšehetsa motlakase o le mong le oa mekhahlelo e meraro
-
E fana ka ho fihla ho 43 kW (AC e tjhaja kapele)
-
E kenyelletsa mochini oa ho notlela o iketsang bakeng sa polokeho
Sehokelo sena se tlamehile ho pholletsa le Europe bakeng sa liteishene tsohle tsa sechaba tsa AC.
5. Mokhoa o kopantsoeng oa ho tjhaja (CCS) - The Universal Fast Charger
TheCCS(Combined Charging System) e tšoana le thipa ea Sesole sa Switzerland ea ho tjhaja EV - e kopanya bokhoni ba AC le DC polaka e le 'ngoe.
| Phetolelo | Mofuta oa Motheo | Sebaka se Sebelisitsoeng | Matla (DC) | Lintlha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCS1 | Mofuta oa 1 | amerika e leboea | Ho fihlela ho 350 kW | E sebelisoa ke Ford, GM, VW, ho feta |
| CCS2 | Mofuta oa 2 | Europe | Ho fihlela ho 350 kW | E tloaelehileng ho EU le UK |
Karolo e ka holimo ea plug e tšoaraAC ho tjhaja, ha lithakhisa tse peli tse kholoanyane tse tlase li tšoaraDC ho tjhaja kapele.
6. CHAdeMO – DC Fast Charging Standard ea Japane
CHAdeMOe emetseTefiso ea MOve, 'me ke karabo ea Japane ea ho tjhaja kapele.
Likaroloana:
-
Ho tjhaja DC (ha e kopane le AC)
-
Ho fihla ho 100 kW (ho reriloe lintlafatso tsa nakong e tlang)
-
E sebelisoa haholo ke Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander
-
E ntse e tloaelehile Japane, empa butle-butle e nkeloa sebaka libakeng tse ling
Leha e ntse e fokotseha ka botumo ba lefats'e, CHAdeMO e tsebahala ka eonakoloi-to-grid (V2G)bokgoni.
7. Tesla's North American Charging Standard (NACS)
Pluke ea thepa ea Tesla, e seng e rehiloe bocha e leNACS, e kopanya bokhabane le katleho.
Lintlha-khōlō:
-
Moralo o mosesane, o kopaneng
-
E fana ka matla a ho fihla ho 250 kW ho Tesla Supercharger
-
E tšehetsa AC le DC ka sehokelo se le seng
-
Hona joale ho amoheloa keFord, GM, Rivian, le ba bang ba US
Tafole ea Tšebelisano ea Tesla:
| Sebaka | Plug e Sebelisitsoe | E hloka Adapter? |
|---|---|---|
| amerika e leboea | Tesla / NACS | Ee (bakeng sa bao e seng ba Teslas) |
| Europe | Mofuta oa 2 (Tesla EU) | No |
| China | GB/T e nang le adaptara | Ee |
8. GB/T – Maemo a Naha a China
China e sebelisa maemo a eona a bitsoangGB/T, e tlang ka mefuta e fapaneng ea AC le DC.
Litšobotsi tsa GB/T:
-
Sehokelo sa AC: se shebahala se tšoana le Mofuta oa 2, empa ha se tsamaisane
-
Sehokelo sa DC: moralo o ikhethileng o nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng haholo tsa matla (ho fihla ho 237.5 kW)
-
E laetsoeng ke 'muso bakeng sa li-EV tsohle tse entsoeng Chaena
Nakong e tlang, China e kanna ea amohela mofuta oa maemo a kopaneng a CCS-CHAdeMO.
9. Lethathamo la Papiso ea Mohokahanyi oa Lefatše
| Mofuta oa Sehokelo | Sebaka | Mofuta oa ho tjhaja | Matla a Matla | Sebelisa Taba |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mofuta oa 1 (J1772) | amerika e leboea | AC (Boemo ba 1/2) | 19.2 kW | AC ea Bolulo / Sechaba |
| Mofuta oa 2 (Mennekes) | Europe | AC (1/3-mohato) | 43kW | E tloaelehileng ho EU |
| CCS1 | amerika e leboea | DC Fast | 350 kW | Ho tjhaja mmila o moholo wa lebelo le phahameng |
| CCS2 | Europe | DC Fast | 350 kW | Public DC e tjhaja kapele |
| CHAdeMO | Japane, Lefatšeng ka bophara | DC Fast | 100kW+ | Tekanyetso ea khale ea tefiso e potlakileng |
| Tesla NACS | amerika e leboea | AC/DC | 250 kW | Tesla e ikhethang (hajoale) |
| GB/T | China | AC/DC (e arohaneng) | 237.5 kW | Tekanyetso ea naha ea China |
10. Lintlha tse Amang Lebelo la ho Chesa
Leha o na le plug e nepahetseng, lebelo la ho tjhaja le ka fapana ho latela:
-
Sekhahla se holimo sa tefiso ea koloi ea hau
-
Boholo ba betri le boemo ba tefo
-
Maemo a mocheso
-
Matla a ho tjhaja
-
Tšebelisano ea sehokelo
Kamehla hlahloba lintlha tsa EV ea hau ho tsamaisana le tjhaja e nepahetseng.
11. Likarolo tsa Tšireletso tse hahiloeng ka hare
Lihokelo tsohle tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV li tla le likarolo tse tiileng tsa polokeho:
-
Tšireletso ea fatše
-
Koala ka tsela e iketsang
-
Li-sensor tsa mocheso
-
Ho notlela mekhoa ea ho thibela ho khaoha nakong ea ho tjhaja
Litekanyetso tsena li sireletsa koloi ea hau le uena nakong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea ho tjhaja.
12. Mekhoa ea Bokamoso ho Lihokelo tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV
Indasteri e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako:
-
NACS e fetoha tekanyetso e ncha Amerika Leboea
-
CCS2 e ntse e le matla Europe
-
Ho tjhaja ntle le waelesee haufi
-
V2G (Koloi ho ea ho Gridi)tech haufinyane e tla lumella likoloi ho fana ka motlakase malapeng kapa ho fepa matla ho marang-rang
13. Qetello: U Lokela ho Sebelisa Sehokelo sefe?
Ho khetha sehokelo se nepahetseng sa EV ho ipapisitse le:
-
Moo u lulang
-
U khanna koloi efe
-
U hloka ho tjhaja kapele hakae
Bakeng sa Amerika Leboea: BatlaCCS1 or NACS
Bakeng sa Europe: SebelisaCCS2 or Mofuta oa 2
Bakeng sa China: U tla hloka aGB/T-e lumellanatsamaiso
Bakeng sa Japane:CHAdeMOe ntse e le ea bohlokoa
Ha kamohelo ea EV e ntse e hola, theknoloji ea sehokelo e ntse e tsoela pele ho fanae potlakile, e bolokehile, le ho feta bokahohlengtharollo.
FAQs
Q1: Sehokelo se potlakileng sa ho tjhaja EV ke sefe?
A: Hajoale, CCS le Tesla NACS li tšehetsa ho fihla ho 350 kW bakeng sa ho tjhaja ka potlako.
Q2: A na nka sebelisa tjhaja ea CCS bakeng sa Tesla?
A: E, ka adaptara e nepahetseng ea CCS bakeng sa mefuta ea Tesla libakeng tse ling.
Q3: Na CHAdeMO e ntse e sebelisoa?
K: Ho joalo, haholo Japane le likoloing tse ling tsa khale joalo ka Nissan Leaf, empa e ntse e fokotseha lefatšeng ka bophara.
Q4: Phapang e kholo ke efe lipakeng tsa ho tjhaja AC le DC?
A: AC e tsamaea butle 'me e tjhaja ka tjhaja e ka har'a koloi, ha DC e potlakile haholo 'me e romela matla ka ho toba betri.
Q5: Ke sehokelo sefe sa EV se sebelisoang haholo?
A: CCS (Combined Charging System) hajoale ke sehokelo se amoheloang ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng ka bophara.
Nako ea poso: Apr-07-2025