Malebela a Bohlokoa a ho Khetha Mefuta e Nepahetseng ea Lithapo tsa Motlakase, Boholo, le ho Kenyeha

Lithapong, motlakase o lekanngoa ka li-volts (V), 'me likhoele li arotsoe ho ipapisitsoe le litekanyetso tsa motlakase oa tsona. Tekanyo ea motlakase e bonts'a matla a phahameng a ho sebetsa ao cable e ka sebetsanang le ona ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng. Mekhahlelo ea mantlha ea motlakase bakeng sa likhoele, lits'ebetso tse tsamaellanang le tsona ke tsena:

1. Lithapo tsa Motlakase o Tlaase (LV).

• Range ea VoltageHo fihla ho 1 kV (1000V)
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa meahong ea bolulo, ea khoebo, le ea indasteri bakeng sa kabo ea motlakase, mabone le lits'ebetso tsa motlakase o tlase.
• Melao e Tloaelehileng:
  • IEC 60227: Bakeng sa likhoele tsa insulated tsa PVC (tse sebelisoang kabong ea matla).
  • Tlhaloso: IEC 60502: Bakeng sa likhoele tse nang le matla a tlase.
  • BS 6004: Bakeng sa likhoele tse kentsoeng ka PVC.
  • UL62: Bakeng sa lithapo tse tenyetsehang tsa US

2. Lithapo tsa motlakase tse mahareng (MV).

• Range ea Voltage: 1 kV ho isa ho 36 kV
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa ho marang-rang a phetisetso le phepelo ea matla, hangata bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa indasteri kapa tsa ts'ebeliso.
• Melao e Tloaelehileng:
  • IEC 60502-2: Bakeng sa likhoele tsa motlakase o mahareng.
  • Tlhaloso ea IEC 60840: Bakeng sa likhoele tse sebelisoang marang-rang a matla a phahameng.
  • EE 383: Bakeng sa likhoele tse sa keneleng mocheso o phahameng tse sebelisoang lifemeng tsa motlakase.

3. Lik'habole tsa High Voltage (HV).

• Range ea Voltage: 36 kV ho isa ho 245 kV
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa phetisong ea nako e telele ea motlakase, liteishene tsa motlakase o phahameng, le litsing tsa phepelo ea motlakase.
• Melao e Tloaelehileng:
  • Tlhaloso ea IEC 60840: Bakeng sa likhoele tse nang le matla a phahameng.
  • IEC 62067: Bakeng sa likhoele tse sebelisoang phetisong ea matla a phahameng a AC le DC.
  • EEE 48: Bakeng sa ho hlahloba lithapo tse nang le matla a phahameng.

4. Lithapo tse Eketsehileng tsa Motlakase o Phahameng (EHV).

• Range ea Voltage: Ka holimo ho 245 kV
• Lisebelisoa: Bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa phetisetso ea ultra-high-voltage (tse sebelisoang phetisong ea matla a mangata a motlakase libakeng tse telele).
• Melao e Tloaelehileng:
  • Tlhaloso ea IEC 60840: Bakeng sa likhoele tse eketsehileng tse nang le matla a phahameng.
  • IEC 62067: E sebetsa ho lithapo bakeng sa phetiso ea matla a phahameng a DC.
  • EEE 400: Liteko le litekanyetso tsa lisebelisoa tsa cable tsa EHV.

5. Lithapo tse Khethehileng tsa Voltage (mohlala, Low-Voltge DC, Lithapo tsa Solar)

• Range ea Voltage: E fapana, empa hangata e ka tlase ho 1 kV
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa solar panel, likoloi tsa motlakase, kapa likhokahano tsa mehala.
• Melao e Tloaelehileng:
  • IEC 60287: Bakeng sa palo ea matla a ho jara hona joale bakeng sa lithapo.
  • UL 4703: Bakeng sa likhoele tsa letsatsi.
  • TÜV: Bakeng sa litifikeiti tsa mohala oa letsatsi (mohlala, TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007).

Lithapo tsa Low Voltage (LV) le Lithapo tsa High Voltage (HV) li ka aroloa hape ka mefuta e ikhethileng, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e etselitsoe lisebelisoa tse itseng ho latela thepa ea bona, kaho le tikoloho. Mona ke kakaretso e felletseng:

Mefuta e ka tlaase ea Lithapo tsa Motlakase (LV):

1. Lithapo tsa Kabo ea Matla

   • Tlhaloso: Tsena ke lithapo tse sebelisoang haholo ka matla a tlase bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase libakeng tsa bolulo, tsa khoebo le tsa indasteri.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Phepelo ea motlakase meahong le mecheng.
     • Liphanele tsa kabo, li-switchboards, le li-circuits tsa motlakase ka kakaretso.
   • Mehlala ea Mehlala: IEC 60227 (PVC-insulated), IEC 60502-1 (bakeng sa morero o akaretsang).

2. Lithapo Tse Hlometseng (Tšepe Tse Hlometseng - SWA, Aluminium Wire Armored - AWA)

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li na le lera la lihlomo tsa tšepe kapa tsa aluminium bakeng sa tšireletso e eketsehileng ea mochine, e leng se etsang hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa tikoloho ea ka ntle le ea indasteri moo ho amehang tšenyo ea 'mele.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Lisebelisoa tse ka tlas'a lefatše.
     • Mechini ea indasteri le lisebelisoa.
     • Mehaho ea ka ntle libakeng tse thata.
   • Mehlala ea Mehlala: IEC 60502-1, BS 5467, le BS 6346.

3. Lithapo tsa Rubber (Lithapo tse Fetohang tsa Rubber)

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li entsoe ka li-insulation tsa rabara le sheathing, tse fanang ka maemo le ho tšoarella. Li etselitsoe ho sebelisoa likhokahanong tsa nakoana kapa tse tenyetsehang.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Mechini ea mehala (mohlala, likerene, lifereko).
     • Litlhophiso tsa nakoana tsa motlakase.
     • Likoloi tsa motlakase, libaka tsa kaho, le lisebelisoa tsa kantle.
   • Mehlala ea Mehlala: IEC 60245 (H05RR-F, H07RN-F), UL 62 (bakeng sa lithapo tse tenyetsehang).

4. Lithapo tsa Halogen-Free (Mosi o Tlase).

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li sebelisa thepa e se nang halogen, e leng se etsang hore e tšoanele libaka tseo ho sireletseha ha mollo e leng tsona tse tlang pele. Tabeng ea mollo, li ntša mosi o tlaase 'me ha li hlahise likhase tse kotsi.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Boemafofane, lipetlele, le likolo (meaho ea sechaba).
     • Libaka tsa indasteri moo polokeho ea mollo e leng ea bohlokoa.
     • Litsela tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, lithanele, le libaka tse koaletsoeng.
   • Mehlala ea Mehlala: IEC 60332-1 (boitšoaro ba mollo), EN 50267 (bakeng sa mosi o tlaase).

5. Laola Lithapo

   • Tlhaloso: Tsena li sebelisetsoa ho fetisa matšoao a taolo kapa data ho litsamaiso moo kabo ea matla e sa hlokeng. Li na le li-conductors tse ngata tse nang le li-insulated, hangata li le sebopeho se kopaneng.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Mekhoa ea ho iketsetsa (mohlala, tlhahiso, PLCs).
     • Liphanele tsa ho laola, litsamaiso tsa mabone, le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase.
   • Mehlala ea MehlalaTlhaloso: IEC 60227, IEC 60502-1.

6. Lithapo tsa Solar (Photovoltaic Cables)

   • Tlhaloso: E etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa matla a letsatsi. Li hanyetsana le UV, ha li na maemo a leholimo, 'me li khona ho mamella mocheso o phahameng.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Lisebelisoa tsa matla a letsatsi (photovoltaic systems).
     • Ho hokahanya liphanele tsa letsatsi ho li-inverters.
   • Mehlala ea Mehlala: TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007, UL 4703.

7. Lithapo Tse Sephara

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li na le profaele e bataletseng, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng ho sebelisoa libakeng tse thata le libakeng tseo likhoele tse chitja li ka bang ngata haholo.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Kabo ea matla a bolulo libakeng tse fokolang.
     • Lisebelisoa kapa lisebelisoa tsa ofisi.
   • Mehlala ea Mehlala: IEC 60227, UL 62.

8. Lithapo tse sa Cheng

   • Lithapo bakeng sa Litsamaiso tsa Tšohanyetso:
     Lithapo tsena li etselitsoe ho boloka motlakase oa motlakase nakong ea maemo a chesang a mollo. Ba etsa bonnete ba hore tsamaiso e tsoelang pele ea litsamaiso tsa tšohanyetso tse kang lialamo, lisebelisoa tse ntšang mosi le lipompo tsa mollo.
     Lisebelisoa: Lipotoloho tsa maemo a tšohanyetso libakeng tsa sechaba, lits'ebetso tsa polokeho ea mollo, le meaho e nang le batho ba bangata.

9. Lithapo tsa liletsa

   • Lithapo tse Sirelelitsoeng bakeng sa Phetiso ea Letšoao:
     Lithapo tsena li etselitsoe phetiso ea matšoao a data libakeng tse nang le tšitiso e phahameng ea motlakase (EMI). Li sirelelitsoe ho thibela tahlehelo ea matšoao le tšitiso ea kantle, ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea data.
     Lisebelisoa: Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, phetiso ea data, le libaka tse nang le EMI e phahameng.

10. Lithapo tse Khethehileng

    • Lithapo bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tse Ikhethileng:
      Lithapo tse khethehileng li etselitsoe ho kenya li-niche, joalo ka mabone a nakoana meketeng ea khoebo, likhokahano tsa li-crane tse holimo, lipompo tse keneng ka metsing, le lits'ebetso tsa tlhoekiso ea metsi. Lithapo tsena li hahiloe bakeng sa tikoloho e ikhethileng joalo ka li-aquariums, matamo a ho sesa, kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse ikhethang.
      Lisebelisoa: Lits'oants'o tsa nakoana, litsamaiso tse ka tlas'a metsi, libaka tsa metsing, matamo a ho sesa, le mechini ea indasteri.

11. Lithapo tsa Aluminium

    • Lithapo tsa Phetiso ea Matla a Aluminium:
      Lithapo tsa aluminium li sebelisoa bakeng sa phetisetso ea matla le ho ajoa litsing tsa kahare le kantle. Li bobebe ebile li na le chelete e ngata, li loketse marang-rang a maholo a kabo ea matla.
      Lisebelisoa: Phetiso ea motlakase, ho kenya ka ntle le ka tlas'a lefatše, le kabo e kholo.

Lithapo tsa motlakase tse mahareng (MV).

1. Lithapo tsa RHZ1

• XLPE Insulated Cables:
  Lithapo tsena li etselitsoe marang-rang a mahareng a motlakase a nang le li-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation. Ha li na halogen ebile ha li chese mollo, li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa ho tsamaisa matla le ho ajoa ho marang-rang a mahareng a motlakase.
  Lisebelisoa: Kabo ea matla a mahareng, lipalangoang tsa matla.

2. Lithapo tsa HEPRZ1

• HEPR Insulated lik'hemik'hale:
  Lithapo tsena li na le mohatsela oa polyethylene (HEPR) e sa keneleng matla a phahameng 'me ha li na halogen. Li loketse phetisetso ea matla a mahareng a motlakase libakeng tseo ho amehang polokeho ea mollo.
  Lisebelisoa: Marang-rang a li-voltage tse mahareng, libaka tse khahlano le mollo.

3. Lithapo tsa MV-90

• XLPE Insulated Cables ho ea ka Melao ea Amerika:
  E etselitsoe li-network tsa voltage tse mahareng, likhoele tsena li kopana le maemo a Amerika bakeng sa ho kenya XLPE. Li sebelisetsoa ho tsamaisa le ho aba matla ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ka har'a litsamaiso tsa motlakase tse mahareng.
  Lisebelisoa: Phetiso ea matla ho marang-rang a mahareng a motlakase.

4. Lithapo tsa RHVhMVh

• Lithapo bakeng sa Likopo tse Khethehileng:
  Lithapo tsena tsa koporo le aluminium li etselitsoe ka ho khetheha tikoloho e nang le kotsi ea ho pepesehela oli, lik'hemik'hale le li-hydrocarbon. Li loketse ho kenngoa libakeng tse thata, tse kang limela tsa lik'hemik'hale.
  Lisebelisoa: Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa indasteri, libaka tse nang le lik'hemik'hale kapa oli.

Mefuta e ka tlase ea Lithapo tsa High Voltage (HV):

1. Lithapo tsa Motlakase oa Motlakase o Phahameng

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li sebelisetsoa ho fetisa matla a motlakase libakeng tse telele ka matla a phahameng (hangata a 36 kV ho isa ho 245 kV). Li sirelelitsoe ka likarolo tsa thepa tse khonang ho mamella maqhubu a phahameng.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Li-grid tsa phepelo ea matla (lithapo tsa phetiso ea motlakase).
     • Liteishene tse nyane le lifeme tsa motlakase.
   • Mehlala ea MehlalaTlhaloso: IEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. XLPE Cables

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li na le mokelikeli oa polyethylene o amanang le sefapano o fanang ka thepa e phahameng ea motlakase, ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho tšoarella nako e telele. Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa motlakase o mahareng ho isa holimo.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Kabo ea matla libakeng tsa indasteri.
     • Lithapo tsa motlakase tsa seteishene.
     • Phetiso ea sebaka se selelele.
   • Mehlala ea MehlalaTlhaloso: IEC 60502, IEC 60840, UL 1072.

3. Lithapo tse Tletseng Oli

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tse nang le oli e tlatsitsoeng lipakeng tsa li-conductors le likarolo tsa insulation bakeng sa thepa e ntlafalitsoeng ea dielectric le pholileng. Tsena li sebelisoa libakeng tse nang le litlhoko tse feteletseng tsa motlakase.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Lisebelisoa tsa oli tsa offshore.
     • Phetiso ea leoatle le botebong ba metsi.
     • Litlhophiso tsa indasteri tse hlokahalang haholo.
   • Mehlala ea MehlalaTlhaloso: IEC 60502-1, IEC 60840.

4. Lithapo tse Insulated ka Khase (GIL)

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li sebelisa khase (haholo-holo sulfur hexafluoride) e le setsi sa tšireletso ho e-na le lisebelisoa tse tiileng. Hangata li sebelisoa libakeng tseo sebaka se fokolang.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Libaka tsa litoropo tse nang le batho ba bangata haholo (liteishene).
     • Maemo a hlokang ho ts'epahala haholo phetisong ea motlakase (mohlala, marang-rang a litoropo).
   • Mehlala ea MehlalaTlhaloso: IEC 62271-204, IEC 60840.

5. Lithapo tsa Submarine

   • Tlhaloso: E etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa phetisetso ea matla a ka tlas'a metsi, likhoele tsena li hahiloe ho hanela ho kenella ha metsi le khatello. Hangata li sebelisoa litsamaisong tsa matla a ka nchafatsoang ka har'a continental kapa mose ho maoatle.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Phetiso ea matla ka tlas'a leoatle lipakeng tsa linaha kapa lihlekehleke.
     • Mapolasi a moea a kantle ho naha, lits'ebetso tsa matla a ka tlas'a metsi.
   • Mehlala ea MehlalaTlhaloso: IEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. HVDC Cables (High Voltage Direct Current)

   • Tlhaloso: Lithapo tsena li etselitsoe ho fetisetsa matla a tobileng hona joale (DC) libakeng tse telele ka matla a phahameng. Li sebelisoa bakeng sa phetisetso ea matla e phahameng haholo libakeng tse telele haholo.
   • Lisebelisoa:
     • Phetiso ea matla a nako e telele.
     • Ho hokela marang-rang a matla a tsoang libakeng tse fapaneng kapa linaheng tse fapaneng.
   • Mehlala ea MehlalaTlhaloso: IEC 60287, IEC 62067.

Likaroloana tsa Lithapo tsa Motlakase

Thapo ea motlakase e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e sebetsa mosebetsi o itseng ho netefatsa hore mohala o phethahatsa morero oa oona ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ka katleho. Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa thapo ea motlakase li kenyelletsa:

1. Mokhanni

Themokhannike karolo e bohareng ea thapo eo motlakase o tsamaeang ka eona. Hangata e entsoe ka thepa e ntle ea motlakase, joalo ka koporo kapa aluminium. Mokhanni o ikarabella ho tsamaisa matla a motlakase ho tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng.

Mefuta ea Li-conductors:

• Bare Conductor ea Koporo:

  • Tlhaloso: Koporo ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa conductor tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la motlakase oa eona o babatsehang le ho hanyetsa ho bola. Hangata li-conductor tsa koporo tse se nang letho li sebelisoa kabong ea matla le likhoeleng tse tlase tsa motlakase.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa motlakase, lithapo tse laolang, le likhoele tsa likhoele matlong a bolulo le a indasteri.

• Mokhanni oa Koporo ea Tinned:

  • Tlhaloso: Koporo e kentsoeng ke koporo e tlositsoeng ka lesela le tšesaane la thini ho matlafatsa matla a eona a ho hanyetsa ho bola le oxidation. Sena se bohlokoa haholo tikolohong ea maoatle kapa moo likhoele li pepesehetseng maemo a leholimo a mabe.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tse sebelisoang libakeng tse ka ntle kapa tse mongobo o phahameng, lits'ebetso tsa metsing.

• Mokhanni oa Aluminium:

  • Tlhaloso: Aluminium ke mokhoa o bobebe le o theko e boima ho feta oa koporo. Le hoja aluminium e na le conductivity e tlaase ea motlakase ho feta koporo, e atisa ho sebelisoa phetisong ea matla a phahameng a matla le likhoele tse telele ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e bobebe.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa kabo ea matla, lithapo tse mahareng le tse phahameng, lithapo tsa moea.

• Aluminium Alloy Conductor:

  • Tlhaloso: Li-conductor tsa aluminium alloy li kopanya aluminium le lisebelisoa tse ling tse nyenyane, tse kang magnesium kapa silicon, ho ntlafatsa matla le conductivity ea bona. Hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa lithapo tsa phetiso tse holimo.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa matla a holimo, kabo ea matla a mahareng.

2. Insulation

Theho kenya letsohoho pota-pota conductor ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela ho tsosoa ha motlakase le li-circuits tse khutšoanyane. Lisebelisoa tsa insulation li khethoa ho latela bokhoni ba tsona ba ho hanela khatello ea motlakase, mocheso le tikoloho.

Mefuta ea li-insulation:

• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Insulation:

  • Tlhaloso: PVC ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa lithapo tsa motlakase tse tlase le tse mahareng. E tenyetseha, e tšoarella, 'me e fana ka khanyetso e ntle ho abrasion le mongobo.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa motlakase, likhoele tsa ka tlung le lithapo tsa ho laola.

• XLPE (Polyethylene e Kopantsoeng ka Phapang) Insulation:

  • Tlhaloso: XLPE ke sesebelisoa se nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ts'ebetso e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng, khatello ea motlakase le ho senyeha ha lik'hemik'hale. Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa likhoele tsa motlakase tse mahareng le tse phahameng.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa motlakase tse mahareng le tse phahameng, likhoele tsa motlakase tse sebelisoang indastering le kantle.

• EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber) Insulation:

  • Tlhaloso: Insulation ea EPR e fana ka thepa e ntle ea motlakase, botsitso ba mocheso, le ho hanyetsa mongobo le lik'hemik'hale. E sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ho kenella habonolo le ho tšoarella nako e telele.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa motlakase, lithapo tsa indasteri tse tenyetsehang, maemo a mocheso o phahameng.

• Tšireletso ea Rabara:

  • Tlhaloso: Ho kenngoa ha rabara ho sebelisoa bakeng sa likhoele tse hlokang ho fetoha le maemo. Hangata e sebelisoa libakeng tseo ho tsona likhoele li hlokang ho mamella khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho sisinyeha ha mochini.
  • Lisebelisoa: Thepa ea mohala, likhoele tsa ho tjheseletsa, metjhini ea indasteri.

• Halogen-Free Insulation (LSZH – Low Smoke Zero Halogen):

  • Tlhaloso: Lisebelisoa tsa LSZH li etselitsoe ho ntša mosi o fokolang le ho se be le likhase tsa halogen ha li pepesehile mollong, li etsa hore e be tse loketseng bakeng sa libaka tse hlokang litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa tšireletso ea mollo.
  • Lisebelisoa: Mehaho ea sechaba, lithanele, boema-fofane, lithapo tse laolang libakeng tse sa cheng.

3. Ho sireletsa

Tshireletsohangata e eketsoa lithapong ho sireletsa conductor le insulation ho tsoa ho tšitiso ea motlakase (EMI) kapa tšitiso ea radio-frequency (RFI). E ka boela ea sebelisoa ho thibela thapo ho ntša mahlaseli a motlakase.

Mefuta ea tšireletso:

• Copper Braid Shielding:

  • Tlhaloso: Li-braids tsa koporo li fana ka tšireletso e babatsehang khahlanong le EMI le RFI. Hangata li sebelisoa lithapong tsa lisebelisoa le likhoele moo matšoao a phahameng a hlokang ho fetisoa ntle le tšitiso.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa data, lithapo tsa mats'oao, le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse bobebe.

• Aluminium Foil Shielding:

  • Tlhaloso: Lithebe tsa foil tsa aluminium li sebelisetsoa ho fana ka tšireletso e bobebe le e tenyetsehang khahlanong le EMI. Hangata li fumanoa lithapong tse hlokang ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho phahameng le katleho e phahameng ea tšireletso.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa matšoao tse feto-fetohang, lithapo tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase.

• Foil le Braid Combination Shielding:

  • Tlhaloso: Mofuta ona oa tšireletso o kopanya ka bobeli foil le li-braids ho fana ka tšireletso e 'meli ho tloha tšitiso ha u ntse u boloka ho feto-fetoha ha maemo.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa matšoao a indasteri, litsamaiso tsa taolo tse hlokolosi, likhoele tsa lisebelisoa.

4. Jacket (Outer Sheath)

Thebakike karolo e ka ntle ea thapo, e fanang ka tšireletso le tšireletso khahlanong le maemo a tikoloho joalo ka mongobo, lik'hemik'hale, mahlaseli a UV le moaparo oa 'mele.

Mefuta ea li-jackets:

• Jacket ea PVC:

  • Tlhaloso: Lijase tsa PVC li fana ka tšireletso ea mantlha khahlanong le ho hohloa, metsi le lik'hemik'hale tse itseng. Li sebelisoa haholo ho lithapo tsa motlakase le tsa taolo ea sepheo se akaretsang.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa bolulo, lithapo tsa indasteri tse bobebe, lithapo tsa morero o akaretsang.

• Jacket ea Rabara:

  • Tlhaloso: Li-jackets tsa rabara li sebelisoa bakeng sa lithapo tse hlokang ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le ho hanyetsa ka matla khatello ea mochine le maemo a thata a tikoloho.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa liindasteri tse feto-fetohang, likhoele tsa ho tjheseletsa, likhoele tsa motlakase tse kantle.

• Jacket ea polyethylene (PE).:

  • Tlhaloso: Li-jackets tsa PE li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong moo mohala o pepesehetseng maemo a ka ntle 'me o hloka ho hanela mahlaseli a UV, mongobo le lik'hemik'hale.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lithapo tsa motlakase tse kantle, likhoele tsa mehala ea mehala, ho kenya ka tlas'a lefatše.

• Jacket ea Halogen-Free (LSZH).:

  • Tlhaloso: Li-jackets tsa LSZH li sebelisoa libakeng tseo polokeho ea mollo e leng ea bohlokoa. Lisebelisoa tsena ha li ntše mosi o chefo kapa likhase tse senyang ha ho ka ba le mollo.
  • Lisebelisoa: Mehaho ea sechaba, lithanele, lisebelisoa tsa lipalangoang.

5. Lihlomo (Ha ho boikhethelo)

Bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea li-cable,ho hlomelae sebelisetsoa ho fana ka tšireletso ea mechine ho senya 'mele, e leng ea bohlokoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho kenngoa ka tlas'a lefatše kapa ka ntle.

• Lithapo tsa tšepe tse sirelelitsoeng ka tšepe (SWA) Cables:

  • Tlhaloso: Lisebelisoa tsa terata ea tšepe li eketsa tšireletso e eketsehileng khahlanong le tšenyo ea mochini, khatello le tšusumetso.
  • Lisebelisoa: Ho kenngoa ka ntle kapa ka tlas'a lefatše, libaka tse nang le kotsi e kholo ea ho senyeha ha 'mele.

• Lik'habole tsa Aluminium Wire Armored (AWA).:

  • Tlhaloso: Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li sebelisetsoa merero e tšoanang le ea tšepe ea lihlomo empa e fana ka mokhoa o mong o bobebe.
  • Lisebelisoa: Lisebelisoa tsa ka ntle, mechine ea indasteri, kabo ea matla.

Maemong a mang, likhoele tsa motlakase li na le atshepe thebe or tshireletseho ya tshepelayer ho fana ka tshireletso e eketsehileng le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso. Thetshepe thebee sebeletsa merero e mengata, joalo ka ho thibela tšitiso ea motlakase (EMI), ho sireletsa conductor, le ho fana ka motheo bakeng sa polokeho. Mona ke tse kholomefuta ea tšepe e sireletsangle tsa bonamesebetsi e itseng:

Mefuta ea Metal Shielding ka Lithapo

1. Copper Braid Shielding

• Tlhaloso: Tšireletso ea braid ea koporo e na le likhoele tse lohiloeng tsa terata ea koporo e phuthetsoeng ho pota-potile thapo. Ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e tloaelehileng haholo ea tšireletso ea tšepe e sebelisoang ka lithapo.
• Mesebetsi:
  • Tšireletso ea Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Copper braid e fana ka tšireletso e babatsehang khahlanong le EMI le tšitiso ea maqhubu a seea-le-moea (RFI). Sena se bohlokoa haholo-holo libakeng tse nang le lerata le phahameng la motlakase.
  • Ho thethefatsa: Lera la koporo le lohiloeng le boetse le sebetsa e le tsela e eang fatše, ho netefatsa polokeho ka ho thibela ho bokellana ha litefiso tse kotsi tsa motlakase.
  • Tšireletso ea Mechini: E eketsa lera la matla a mochine ho thapo, e etsa hore e be e hanyetsanang le ho senya le ho senya ho tsoa ho matla a ka ntle.
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa ho lithapo tsa data, lithapo tsa lisebelisoa, lithapo tsa mats'oao, le lithapo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse bobebe.

2. Aluminium Foil Shielding

• Tlhaloso: Tšireletso ea foil ea aluminium e na le lesela le tšesaane la aluminium le phuthetsoe ka mohala, hangata le kopantsoe le polyester kapa filimi ea polasetiki. Tšireletso ena e bobebe 'me e fana ka tšireletso e tsoelang pele ho pota-pota conductor.
• Mesebetsi:
  • Tšitiso ea Motlakase (EMI) Shielding: Aluminium foil e fana ka tšireletso e babatsehang khahlanong le EMI le RFI e fokolang, e thusang ho boloka botšepehi ba matšoao ka har'a cable.
  • Mothibelo oa Mongobo: Ntle le ts'ireletso ea EMI, foil ea aluminium e sebetsa e le thibelo ea mongobo, e thibelang metsi le litšila tse ling ho kena ka mohala.
  • E bobebe ebile e na le litšenyehelo: Aluminium e bobebe ebile e theko e tlaase ho feta koporo, e etsa hore e be tharollo e theko e tlaase bakeng sa ho sireletsa.
• Lisebelisoa: Hangata e sebelisoa lithapong tsa mehala ea puisano, likhoele tsa coaxial, le lithapo tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase.

3. Braid e Kopantsoeng le Foil Shielding

• Tlhaloso: Mofuta ona oa tšireletso o kopanya ka bobeli braid ea koporo le foil ea aluminium ho fana ka tšireletso e habeli. Boea ba koporo bo fana ka matla le tšireletso khahlanong le tšenyo ea 'mele, ha foil ea aluminium e fana ka tšireletso e tsoelang pele ea EMI.
• Mesebetsi:
  • EMI e ntlafalitsoeng le RFI Shielding: Motsoako oa lithebe tsa braid le foil li fana ka tšireletso e phahameng khahlano le tšitiso e fapaneng ea motlakase, ho netefatsa phetisetso ea mats'oao e tšepahalang haholoanyane.
  • Ho tenyetseha le ho tšoarella: Tšireletso ena e habeli e fana ka tšireletso ea mochine (braid) le tšireletso ea maqhubu a phahameng (foil), e etsang hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa lithapo tse tenyetsehang.
  • Ho Beha fatše le Polokeho: Braid ea koporo e boetse e sebetsa e le tsela ea motheo, e ntlafatsang ts'ireletseho ho kenngoa ha cable.
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa lithapong tsa taolo ea indasteri, likhoele tsa phetiso ea data, mehala ea sesebelisoa sa bongaka, le lits'ebetso tse ling moo matla a mochini le tšireletso ea EMI e hlokahalang.

4. Tšebeliso ea Mehala ea tšepe ea tšepe (SWA)

• Tlhaloso: Ho roala lithapo tsa tšepe ho kenyelletsa ho phuthela lithapo tsa tšepe ho pota-potile sekontiri sa thapo, seo hangata se sebelisoang hammoho le mefuta e meng ea tšireletso.
• Mesebetsi:
  • Tšireletso ea Mechini: SWA e fana ka tšireletso e matla ea 'mele khahlanong le tšusumetso, ho sithabela, le likhatello tse ling tsa mochine. Hangata e sebelisoa lithapong tse hlokang ho mamella maemo a boima, joalo ka libaka tsa kaho kapa ho kenya ka tlas'a lefatše.
  • Ho thethefatsa: Mohala oa tšepe o ka boela oa sebetsa e le tsela ea motheo bakeng sa polokeho.
  • Khanyetso ea Corrosion: Lisebelisoa tsa lithapo tsa tšepe, haholo-holo ha li kentsoe ka masenke, li fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le ho bola, e leng molemo bakeng sa lithapo tse sebelisoang libakeng tse thata kapa tse kantle.
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa lithapong tsa motlakase bakeng sa ho kenya kantle kapa ka tlas'a lefatše, litsamaiso tsa taolo ea indasteri, le likhoele libakeng tseo kotsi ea tšenyo ea mochini e leng holimo.

5. Aluminium Wire Armoring (AWA)

• Tlhaloso: Ho tšoana le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa tšepe, lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa aluminium li sebelisetsoa ho fana ka tšireletso ea mechine bakeng sa lithapo. E bobebe ebile e na le litšenyehelo tse ngata ho feta lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa tšepe.
• Mesebetsi:
  • Tšireletso ea 'Mele: AWA e fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le tšenyo ea 'mele e kang ho sithabela, liphello le ho senya. E atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kenngoa ka tlas'a lefatše le ka ntle moo mohala o ka 'nang oa pepeseha khatello ea mochine.
  • Ho thethefatsa: Joaloka SWA, terata ea aluminium e ka boela ea thusa ho fana ka motheo bakeng sa merero ea tšireletso.
  • Khanyetso ea Corrosion: Aluminium e fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho bola libakeng tse pepesehileng mongobo kapa lik'hemik'hale.
• Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa lithapong tsa motlakase, haholo-holo bakeng sa kabo ea matla a mahareng meahong ea kantle le ka tlas'a lefatše.

Kakaretso ea Mesebetsi ea Metal Shields

• Tšireletso ea Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Lithebe tsa tšepe tse kang braid ea koporo le foil ea aluminium li thibela mats'oao a sa batleheng a motlakase hore a se ke a ama phetiso ea mats'oao a kahare a cable kapa ho baleha le ho kena-kenana le lisebelisoa tse ling.
• Letšoao la Botšepehi: Tšireletso ea tšepe e tiisa botšepehi ba data kapa phetisetso ea matšoao libakeng tse phahameng tsa maqhubu, haholo-holo lisebelisoa tse hlokolosi.
• Tšireletso ea Mechini: Lithebe tse hlometseng, ebang li entsoe ka tšepe kapa aluminiamo, li sireletsa likhoele tšenyong ea 'mele e bakiloeng ke ho pshatleha, litšusumetso kapa makukuno, haholo-holo libakeng tse thata tsa indasteri.
• Tšireletso ea Mongobo: Mefuta e meng ea tšireletso ea tšepe, joaloka foil ea aluminium, e boetse e thusa ho thibela mongobo ho kena ka har'a mohala, ho thibela tšenyo ea likarolo tse ka hare.
• Ho thethefatsa: Lithebe tsa tšepe, haholo-holo li-braids tsa koporo le lithapo tsa lihlomo, li ka fana ka litsela tsa motheo, ho matlafatsa tšireletso ka ho thibela likotsi tsa motlakase.
• Khanyetso ea Corrosion: Litšepe tse ling, joalo ka aluminium le masenke, li fana ka tšireletso e matlafalitsoeng khahlanong le ho bola, e li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa tikoloho ea kantle, ka tlas'a metsi kapa e thata ea lik'hemik'hale.

Lisebelisoa tsa Metal Shielded Cables:

• Mehala ea puisano: Bakeng sa likhoele tsa coaxial le likhoele tsa phetiso ea data, ho netefatsa boleng ba matšoao a holimo le ho hanyetsa tšitiso.
• Mekhoa ea ho Laola Liindasteri: Bakeng sa likhoele tse sebelisoang mecheng e boima le litsamaiso tsa taolo, moo ts'ireletso ea mochini le motlakase e hlokahalang.
• Mehaho ea ka ntle le ka tlas'a lefatše: Bakeng sa likhoele tsa motlakase kapa lithapo tse sebelisoang libakeng tse nang le kotsi e kholo ea ho senyeha 'meleng kapa ho pepesehela maemo a thata.
• Thepa ea Bongaka: Bakeng sa lithapo tse sebelisoang lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, moo ho bonts'ang botšepehi le polokeho li leng bohlokoa.
• Kabo ea Motlakase le Matla: Bakeng sa likhoele tse mahareng le tse phahameng haholo, haholo-holo libakeng tse nang le tšitiso ea kantle kapa tšenyo ea mochini.

Ka ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa tšireletso ea tšepe, o ka etsa bonnete ba hore likhoele tsa hau li fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, ho tšoarella, le polokeho lits'ebetsong tse ikhethileng.

Likopano Tsa ho Reha Mabitso a Cable

1. Mefuta ea Insulation

2. Mefuta ea Tšireletso

3. Inner Liner

4. Mefuta ea lihlomo

5. Selata sa Kantle

6. Mefuta ea Mokhanni

7. Tekanyo ea Voltage

8. Laola Lithapo

9. Mohlala Karohano ea Lebitso la Cable

Melao ea Moralo oa Lithapo ho ea ka Sebaka

Lintlha tsa Moqapi oa Bohlokoa ka Sebaka

Lintlha tse Eketsehileng ka Maemo:

• Litekanyetso tsa China tsa GBli shebane haholo le polokeho e akaretsang le taolo ea boleng, empa hape li kenyelletsa melaoana e ikhethang e amanang le litlhoko tsa lehae tsa China, joalo ka ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.

• Litekanyetso tsa UL tsa USli tsebahala haholo bakeng sa liteko tsa mollo le polokeho. Hangata li shebana le likotsi tsa motlakase tse kang ho chesa haholo le ho hanyetsa mollo, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho kenngoa mehahong ea bolulo le ea indasteri.

• Litekanyetso tsa IECli amoheloa lefatšeng ka bophara le ho sebelisoa ho pholletsa le Europe le libakeng tse ling tse ngata tsa lefats'e. Ba ikemiselitse ho hokahanya mehato ea polokeho le boleng, ho etsa hore likhoele li bolokehe ho sebelisoa libakeng tse fapaneng, ho tloha malapeng ho isa litsing tsa indasteri.

• Litekanyetso tsa JISJapane li tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo polokehong ea sehlahisoa le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo. Melao ea bona e netefatsa hore likhoele li sebetsa ka ts'epahalo maemong a indasteri le ho fihlela litekanyetso tse tiileng tsa polokeho.

Thetekanyo ea boholo bakeng sa li-conductore hlalosoa ke litekanyetso le melaoana e fapaneng ea machaba ho netefatsa litekanyo le litšobotsi tse nepahetseng tsa li-conductor bakeng sa phetiso e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang ea motlakase. Ka tlase ke tse ka sehloohongmaemo a boholo ba conductor:

1. Litekanyetso tsa Size ea Mokhanni ka Boitsebiso

Boholo ba li-conductor tsa motlakase hangata bo hlalosoa ho ea kasebaka se ka thoko(ka mm²) kapatekanyo(AWG kapa kcmil), ho itšetlehile ka sebaka le mofuta oa thepa ea mokhanni (koporo, aluminium, joalo-joalo).

a. Copper conductors:

• Sebaka sa ho tšela(mm²): Bongata ba li-conductor tsa koporo li boholo ho ea ka libaka tsa tsona tse tšekaletseng, hangata ho tloha ho0.5 limilimithara sq to 400 mm²kapa ho feta bakeng sa lithapo tsa motlakase.
• AWG (American Wire Gauge): Bakeng sa li-conductors tse nyane, boholo bo emeloa ho AWG (American Wire Gauge), ho tloha ho24 AWG(very thin wire) ho fihlela ho4/0 AWG(terata e kgolo haholo).

b. Li-conductors tsa aluminium:

• Sebaka sa ho tšela(mm²): Li-conductors tsa aluminium le tsona li lekantsoe ka sebaka sa tsona se arohaneng, ka boholo bo tloaelehileng ho tloha ho1.5 limilimithara sq to 500 mm²kapa ho feta.
• AWG: Boholo ba terata ea aluminium hangata bo tloha ho10 AWG to 500 kcmil.

c. Bakhanni ba bang:

• Bakeng sakoporo e betliloeng or aluminiummehala e sebelisetsoang lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng (mohlala, tsa metsing, tsa indasteri, joalo-joalo), maemo a boholo ba conductor a boetse a hlahisoa homm² or AWG.

2. Maemo a Machaba bakeng sa Boholo ba Mokhanni

a. Maemo a IEC (Khomishene ea Machabeng ea Motlakase):

• IEC 60228: Tekanyetso ena e totobatsa likarolo tsa li-conductors tsa koporo le tsa aluminium tse sebelisoang mehalang ea insulated. E hlalosa boholo ba conductor homm².
• IEC 60287: E koahela palo ea tekanyo ea hona joale ea lithapo, ho nahanoa ka boholo ba conductor le mofuta oa insulation.

b. NEC (Khoutu ea Naha ea Motlakase) Maemo (US):

• Naheng ea US, theNECe totobatsa boholo ba li-conductors, ka boholo bo tloaelehileng ho tloha ho14 AWG to 1000 kcmil, ho latela kopo (mohlala, bolulo, khoebo, kapa indasteri).

c. JIS (Maemo a Indasteri a Japane):

• JIS C3602: Tekanyetso ena e hlalosa boholo ba conductor bakeng sa likhoele tse fapaneng le mefuta ea tsona ea thepa e tsamaellanang. Hangata boholo bo fanoa ka haremm²bakeng sa li-conductor tsa koporo le aluminium.

3. Size Conductor Thehilwe ho Current Rating

• Thebokgoni ba hona joaleea conductor e itšetlehile ka thepa, mofuta oa insulation, le boholo.
• Bakeng sali-conductor tsa koporo, boholo bo atisa ho tloha ho0.5 limilimithara sq(bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tlase tsa hajoale joalo ka mehala ea matšoao) ho1000 mm²(bakeng sa lithapo tsa phetiso ea matla a phahameng).
• Bakeng sali-conductor tsa aluminium, boholo ka kakaretso bo fapana ho tloha ho1.5 limilimithara sq to 1000 mm²kapa ho feta bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse boima.

4. Maemo a Lits'ebetso tse Khethehileng tsa Cable

• Li-conductors tse feto-fetohang(e sebelisoang ka lithapo bakeng sa likarolo tse tsamaeang, liroboto tsa indasteri, joalo-joalo) e ka ba lelikaroloana tse nyaneempa li etselitsoe ho mamella ho kobeha khafetsa.
• Lithapo tse sa cheng le tse fokolang mosihangata ho latela litekanyetso tse khethehileng bakeng sa boholo ba mokhanni ho netefatsa ts'ebetso tlas'a maemo a feteletseng, joalo kaIEC 60332.

5. Palo ea Boholo ba Mokhanni (Foromo ea Motheo)

Theboholo ba mokhannie ka hakanngoa ho sebelisoa foromo bakeng sa sebaka se arohaneng:

Sebaka (mm²)=4π×d2

Moo:

• $dd$

  d = bophara ba mokhanni (ka mm)

• Sebaka= sebaka sa sefapano sa mokhanni

Kakaretso ea Boholo bo Tloaelehileng ba Kondari:

Cable Cross-Section Area vs. Gauge, Current Rating, le Ts'ebeliso

Tlhaloso ea Likholomo:

1. Sebaka sa Phapano (mm²): Sebaka sa sefapano sa conductor, e leng senotlolo sa ho khetholla bokhoni ba terata ea ho jara hona joale.
2. Lebelo la AWG: Tekanyetso ea American Wire Gauge (AWG) e sebelisetsoang ho etsa boholo ba lithapo, e nang le linomoro tse kholo tse bontšang lithapo tse tšesaane.
3. Lintlha tsa hajoale (A): Boholo ba hona joale thapo e ka jara ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ntle le ho chesa haholo, ho ipapisitse le thepa ea eona le ho kenya letsoho.
4. Tšebeliso: Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa boholo ba cable ka 'ngoe, e bontšang moo mohala o sebelisoang hangata ho latela litlhoko tsa matla.

Hlokomela:

• Bakhanni ba Koporoka kakaretso e tla jara lintlha tse holimo ha ho bapisoa leli-conductor tsa aluminiumbakeng sa sebaka se tšoanang sa likarolo ka lebaka la conductivity e ntle ea koporo.
• Thethepa ea ho itšireletsa(mohlala, PVC, XLPE) le lintlha tsa tikoloho (mohlala, mocheso, maemo a tikoloho) li ka ama matla a ho tsamaisa mohala ha joale.
• Tafole ena kesesupole maemo le maemo a itseng a lehae a lokela ho hlahlojwa kamehla bakeng sa boholo bo nepahetseng.

Ho tloha ka 2009,Danyang Winpower Wire le Cable Mfg Co., Ltd.esale e lema tšimong ea likhoele tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki ka lilemo tse ka bang 15, e bokella boiphihlelo bo bongata ba indasteri le boqapi ba theknoloji. Re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tliseng litharollo tsa boleng bo holimo, tse pota-potileng le lithapo tsa marang-rang 'marakeng,' me sehlahisoa se seng le se seng se tiisitsoe ka thata ke mekhatlo e nang le matla a Europe le Amerika, e loketseng litlhoko tsa ho hokahanya maemong a sa tšoaneng. Danyang Winpower o rata ho tsamaea le uena, bakeng sa bophelo bo betere hammoho.