Sebaka sa bolulo sa photovoltaic (PV) -storage system haholo-holo e na le li-module tsa PV, libeteri tsa polokelo ea matla, li-inverters tsa polokelo, lisebelisoa tsa metering, le mekhoa ea tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo. Sepheo sa eona ke ho finyella ho iphelisa ka matla, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa matla, ho fokotsa mocheso oa carbon, le ho ntlafatsa ho tšepahala ha matla. Ho lokisa mokhoa oa bolulo oa PV-storage ke ts'ebetso e felletseng e hlokang ho shebisisa lintlha tse fapaneng ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle le e tsitsitseng.
I. Overview of Residential PV-Storage Systems
Pele o qala ts'ebetso ea sistimi, ho bohlokoa ho lekanya khanyetso ea insulation ea DC lipakeng tsa terminal ea PV array input le fatše. Haeba khanyetso e le ka tlase ho U…/30mA (U… e emela matla a phahameng a tlhahiso ea PV array), mehato e eketsehileng ea ho theola kapa ea ho koala e tlameha ho nkuoa.
Mesebetsi ea mantlha ea lits'ebetso tsa polokelo ea PV ea bolulo e kenyelletsa:
- Boiketsi ba ho ja: Ho sebelisa matla a letsatsi ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa matla a malapa.
- Ho kuta tlhōrō le ho tlatsa liphula: Ho leka-lekanya tšebeliso ea matla linakong tse fapaneng ho boloka litšenyehelo tsa matla.
- Matla a bekapo: Ho fana ka matla a tšepahalang nakong ea ho tima.
- Phepelo ea matla a tšohanyetso: Ho tšehetsa meroalo e boima nakong ea ho hloleha ha gridi.
Ts'ebetso ea tlhophiso e kenyelletsa ho sekaseka litlhoko tsa matla a basebelisi, ho rala litsamaiso tsa PV le polokelo, ho khetha likarolo, ho lokisa merero ea ho kenya, le ho hlalosa mehato ea ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo.
II. Tlhahlobo ea Tlhokahalo le Moralo
Tlhahlobo ea Tlhokahalo ea Matla
Tlhahlobo e tebileng ea tlhokahalo ea matla e bohlokoa, ho kenyelletsa:
- Lata profil: Ho khetholla litlhoko tsa matla tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng.
- Tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi: Ho etsa qeto ea karolelano ea tšebeliso ea motlakase motšehare le bosiu.
- Theko ea motlakase: Ho utloisisa meaho ea litefiso ho ntlafatsa sistimi bakeng sa ho boloka litšenyehelo.
Thuto-pale
| Letlapa la 1 Kakaretso ea lipalo-palo tsa mojaro | |||
| thepa | Matla | Bongata | Kakaretso ea matla (kW) |
| Inverter air conditioner | 1.3 | 3 | 3.9kW |
| mochini o hlatsoang | 1.1 | 1 | 1.1kW |
| Sehatsetsi | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6kW |
| TV | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Sefuthumatsi sa metsi | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0kW |
| Hood e sa reroang | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Motlakase o mong | 1.2 | 1 | 1.2kW |
| Kakaretso | 8.2kW | ||
| Letlapa la 2 Lipalopalo tsa meroalo ea bohlokoa (phepelo ea motlakase e kantle ho grid) | |||
| thepa | Matla | Bongata | Kakaretso ea matla (kW) |
| Inverter air conditioner | 1.3 | 1 | 1.3kW |
| Sehatsetsi | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6kW |
| Sefuthumatsi sa metsi | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0kW |
| Hood e sa reroang | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Motlakase oa mabone, joalo-joalo. | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5kW |
| Kakaretso | 3.6kW | ||
- Boemo ba mosebelisi:
- Kakaretso ea mojaro o hokahantsoeng: 8.2 kW
- Mojaro o boima: 3.6 kW
- Tšebeliso ea matla a letsatsi: 10 kWh
- Tšebeliso ea matla bosiu: 20 kWh
- Moralo oa Tsamaiso:
- Kenya sistimi e nyalisitsoeng ea polokelo ea PV e nang le litlhoko tsa phalliso ea PV ea motšehare le ho boloka matla a mangata ka har'a libeteri bakeng sa tšebeliso ea bosiu. Gridi e sebetsa joalo ka mohloli oa matla a tlatsetso ha PV le polokelo li sa lekana.
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III. Tlhophiso ea Sistimi le Khetho ea Karolo
1. Moralo oa Tsamaiso ea PV
- Boholo ba Tsamaiso: Ho ipapisitsoe le boima ba 8.2 kW le tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 30 kWh, ho khothaletsoa mofuta oa 12 kW PV. Sehlopha sena se ka hlahisa hoo e ka bang 36 kWh ka letsatsi ho khotsofatsa tlhoko.
- Litšobotsi tsa PV: Sebelisa 21 single-crystal 580Wp modules, ho finyella matla a kentsoeng a 12.18 kWp. Etsa bonnete ba tlhophiso e nepahetseng bakeng sa khanya ea letsatsi e ngata haholo.
Matla a phahameng Pmax [W] 575 580 585 590 595 600 Matla a phahameng a sebetsang a Vmp [V] 43.73 43.88 44.02 44.17 44.31 44.45 Boipheliso bo nepahetseng ba hona joale ba ho sebetsa [A] 13.15 13.22 13.29 13.36 13.43 13.50 Open circuit voltage Voc [V] 52.30 52.50 52.70 52.90 53.10 53.30 Isc [A] ea potoloho e khuts'oane 13.89 13.95 14.01 14.07 14.13 14.19 Sebetsa sa mojule [%] 22.3 22.5 22.7 22.8 23.0 23.2 Ho mamella matla a tlhahiso 0~+3% Thempereichara ea matla a maholo[Pmax] -0.29%/℃ Thempereichara coefficient ea open circuit voltage [Voc] -0.25%/℃ Thempereichara coefficient ea short circuit current [Isc] 0.045%/℃ Maemo a Tloaelehileng a Teko (STC): Matla a khanya 1000W/m², mocheso oa betri 25℃, boleng ba moea 1.5 2. Mokhoa oa ho boloka matla
- Bokhoni ba Battery: Lokisa tsamaiso ea betri ea lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) ea 25.6 kWh. Bokhoni bona bo netefatsa bekapo e lekaneng bakeng sa meroalo e boima (3.6 kW) bakeng sa lihora tse ka bang 7 nakong ea ho tima.
- Li-module tsa betri: Sebelisa meralo ea modular, e tsitsitseng e nang le likabelo tse lekantsoeng ka IP65 bakeng sa ho kenya kahare/ka ntle. Mojule ka mong o na le matla a 2.56 kWh, ka li-module tse 10 tse etsang sistimi e felletseng.
3. Khetho ea Inverter
- Hybrid Inverter: Sebelisa inverter e nyalisitsoeng ea 10 kW e nang le PV e kopantsoeng le bokhoni ba ho laola polokelo. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
- Phaello e phahameng ea PV: 15 kW
- Sephetho: 10 kW bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang le ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng
- Tšireletso: Boemo ba IP65 ka nako ea ho fetola grid-off-grid <10 ms
4. Khetho ea Cable ea PV
Lithapo tsa PV li hokahanya li-module tsa letsatsi ho inverter kapa lebokose la motsoako. Ba tlameha ho mamella mocheso o phahameng, ho pepesehela UV, le maemo a kantle.
- EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K:
- Motheo o le mong, o lekantsoe 1.5 kV DC, e nang le UV e ntle haholo le khanyetso ea boemo ba leholimo.
- TÜV PV1-F:
- E tenyetseha, e thibela lelakabe, e nang le mocheso o pharaletseng (-40 ° C ho ea + 90 ° C).
- Mohala oa UL 4703 PV:
- Li-insulated tse peli, tse loketseng bakeng sa marulelo a marulelo le litsamaiso tsa fatše.
- AD8 Floating Solar Cable:
- E ka tlas'a metsi ebile e sa kenelle metsi, e loketse maemo a mongobo kapa a metsing.
- Aluminium Core Solar Cable:
- E bobebe ebile e theko e boima, e sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse kholo.
5. Khetho ea Cable ea ho Boloka Matla
Lithapo tsa polokelo li hokela libeteri ho li-inverters. Ba tlameha ho sebetsana le maqhubu a phahameng, ho fana ka botsitso ba mocheso, le ho boloka botšepehi ba motlakase.
- Lithapo tsa UL10269 le UL11627:
- Lebota le tšesaane le sirelelitsoe, le thibela mollo, 'me le kopane.
- XLPE-Insulated Cables:
- Matla a phahameng (ho fihla ho 1500V DC) le ho hanyetsa mocheso.
- Lik'habole tsa DC tse Matla a Phahameng:
- E etselitsoe ho hokahanya li-module tsa betri le libese tse nang le matla a phahameng.
Litlhaloso tsa Cable tse khothalelitsoeng
Mofuta oa Cable E khothalelitsoeng Mohlala Kopo PV Cable EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K Ho hokela li-module tsa PV ho inverter. PV Cable Mohala oa UL 4703 PV Mehaho ea marulelong e hlokang hore ho be le insulation e phahameng. Cable ea ho boloka matla UL 10269, UL 11627 Lihokelo tsa betri tse kopaneng. Cable ea polokelo e sirelelitsoeng EMI Shielded Battery Cable Ho fokotsa ho kena-kenana le litsamaiso tse hlokolosi. Motlakase oa Motlakase o Phahameng XLPE-Insulated Cable Likhokahano tsa maemo a holimo lits'ebetsong tsa betri. PV Cable e phaphametseng AD8 Floating Solar Cable Libaka tse nang le metsi kapa tse mongobo.
IV. Ho kopanya tsamaiso
Kopanya li-module tsa PV, polokelo ea matla, le li-inverter ho sistimi e felletseng:
- Sistimi ea PV: Rala moralo oa mojule le ho netefatsa polokeho ea sebopeho ka litsamaiso tse nepahetseng tsa ho kenya.
- Polokelo ea Matla: Kenya libeteri tsa modular tse nang le khokahanyo e nepahetseng ea BMS (Battery Management System) bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea nako ea nnete.
- Hybrid Inverter: Hokela li-array tsa PV le libeteri ho inverter bakeng sa taolo ea matla e se nang moeli.
V. Tlhomamiso le Tlhokomelo
Ho kenya:
- Tekolo ea Sebaka: Lekola marulelo a marulelo kapa libaka tse fatše bakeng sa ho lumellana ha sebopeho le khanya ea letsatsi.
- Thepa ea ho kenya: Kenya li-module tsa PV ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, libeteri le li-inverters.
- Tlhahlobo ea Tsamaiso: Netefatsa dikgokelo tsa motlakase mme o etse diteko tsa tshebetso.
Tlhokomelo:
- Litlhahlobo tsa Kamehla: Sheba lithapo, li-module, le li-inverters hore na li senyehile kapa li senyehile.
- Ho hloekisa: Kamehla hloekisa li-module tsa PV ho boloka katleho.
- Remote Monitoring: Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa software ho latela ts'ebetso ea sistimi le ho ntlafatsa litlhophiso.
VI. Qetello
Sistimi e hlophisitsoeng hantle ea polokelo ea PV e fana ka poloko ea matla, melemo ea tikoloho, le ts'epahalo ea matla. Khetho e hlokolosi ea likarolo tse kang li-module tsa PV, libeteri tsa polokelo ea matla, li-inverters, le likhoele li tiisa hore sistimi e sebetsa hantle le ho phela nako e telele. Ka ho latela moralo o nepahetseng,
tlhomamiso, le liprothokholo tsa tlhokomelo, beng ba matlo ba ka eketsa melemo ea matsete a bona.
Nako ea poso: Dec-24-2024